by Larry Angell
Building sidewalks is a lot easier than people might think it is. It’s also a whole lot cheaper if you do all of the labor. First of all, we need to decide how wide we want to make the sidewalk and how long we want it. Well also need to know how deep into the ground we want to dig to put in the forms.
It’s easier if you don’t need to dig deep when making a sidewalk, but this will depend on the yard site. For instance, if you’re installing a walkway before you dump the soil for a new lawn then you will need to keep the sidewalk on top of the ground. If youre setting the walkway into an existing lawn or garden area, then youll want to dig down a few inches so the sidewalk isn’t too high. Sidewalks that are too high above ground become tripping hazards.
Let’s suppose our desired sidewalk is four feet wide and thirty feet long. This will be a walkway where we’ll dig into the ground exactly 2-inches. We need to measure the width across the sidewalk area which we know is 48-inches, but we also need to dig the extra area to compensate for where the forms will go. The forms for sidewalks are usually 2×4 studs. 2X4s are inexpensive and easy to work with.
The width measurement across the sidewalk includes the thickness of the 2X4 stud on each side. The board thickness of each 2X4 is 1-1/2-inches, so just add 3-inches to the width of the sidewalk. This gives us an area of 51-inches across to dig. Of course, we can dig out a wider area and backfill the dirt once the sidewalk is finished.
So now the sidewalk is 51-inches wide by 30-feet long. Sidewalks are usually excavated with nothing more than a shovel because the depth is shallow and easy to reach. Make sure the entire area is level. Also, be sure to tamp the dirt where the cement will be poured. After that, we can set in the 2X4 forms. A good way to connect the 2X4 studs is by nailing a 2X4 block on the outside of the forms where the joint is. This helps keep the forms in place. Next, make sure that all the forms are straight and even with a measurement of 48-inches the whole length of the sidewalk.
You won’t be using rebar like you do when pouring foundations, but you will use a strong wire mesh made for just for sidewalks. If you’re building a really small sidewalk, then you can just buy some bags of ready-mix cement, add water, and dump it in, but for most projects, youll probably have to call a cement company to deliver and pour the cement. The class of cement used for sidewalks is a smoother mix of cement than the cement used for foundations. Cement for foundations and walls is called “5-bag mix, but sidewalk cement is a “six-bag mix. That means it has a higher cement-to-aggregate ratio.
The cement company will know what kind to bring when you tell them the cement is for a sidewalk. They will ask for the dimensions of the sidewalk and theyll calculate the amount of cement youll need. Cement is measured and sold by square yards. Let’s take our sidewalk measurements as an example. Our sidewalk is 30-feet long, 4-feet wide, and 4-inches deep. So the square footage is 120 square feet by 4-inches deep. We can convert this to square yards by dividing 120 by 27. There are 27 cubic feet in a square yard of cement. This calculates to 4.44 square yards, but we still have to divide that number by 3 because the walkway isn’t a foot thick, its only 4-inches, which is one-third of a foot. So the final amount is around 1-1/2-yards of cement needed to pour in the sidewalk. The cost of cement varies by location, but if you live close to the cement company, you can get it for around $90 per yard.
Now, we can pour the sidewalk. The cement company will pour the cement, but you will have to shovel it around to get it into the forms evenly. You can jab the cement constantly to pop air bubbles. Once the cement is completely where you want it, you will need to make it smooth on top. You can buy a screed or use a level 2X4 to run across the top of the cement several times. This will make it smooth.
Once the surface is flat and smooth, youll use a cement float to bring the smooth cement and the water to the surface. This will make a very smooth surface and will cause the rougher and larger aggregate material to sink beneath the surface. You should let this dry for a few hours in warm temperatures before brushing the concrete surface with a wide broom. Brushing gives the walkway surface some traction so the surface isnt slick in the rain and snow. Try not to press too hard while brushing the damp surface.
After about three or more days, depending on the temperature outside, you can take off the forms and start to fill around the edges of the sidewalk with dirt so theyre even with the lawn or ground. Ideally, you want the sidewalk to be about a “-inch higher than the lawn.
For the last step in the sidewalk construction, we should cut sections in the concrete so it doesn’t crack or break with movement of the ground underneath. You can rent a concrete cutter or just use a concrete blade on a circular saw and cut across the sidewalk about every ten feet or so. This gives the sidewalk flexibility during expansion and contraction of the soil.
That’s how to make sidewalks. We usually save around two-thirds the cost of a professionally made sidewalk by doing it ourselves.
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